Answer:
a. 54 = 2 * 3³
b. 108 = 2² * 3³
c. 360 = 2² * 3² * 5
etc.
Explanation:
So, you need to have a list of primes handy:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, ...
Now, take your number and try to divide it by the first prime, 2.
54 = 27 * 2
That worked. Note down the 2 and repeat with the result. You find 27 cannot be divided by 2 again, but it can be divided by 3 (the next prime in the list):
27 = 9 * 3
Note down the 3 and repeat:
9 = 3 * 3
Note down a 3 again.
So you have
54 = 2*3*3*3 = 2 * 3³
You can continue this until the result is a prime number itself. Then you are done.