The best literary device(s) to include as part of a literary analysis of this excerpt from "The Lady or the Tiger" would be A. The device of imagery, which occurs several times in the text and supports the theme.
The use of vivid and descriptive language to create mental images in the reader's mind is an example of imagery. In this excerpt, the author uses language to create a picture of the amphitheater as a mysterious and powerful place. The use of language such as "encircling galleries," "mysterious vaults," and "unseen passages" contribute to the imagery and help to convey the sense of wonder and awe that the amphitheater inspires.
The use of imagery supports the theme of the power of chance and the role that it plays in shaping the lives of the characters in the story. By describing the amphitheater as an "agent of poetic justice" that punishes crime and rewards virtue through the decrees of chance, the author highlights the idea that fate and destiny are not controlled by humans, but by a greater force beyond their control.
Thus, the use of imagery in this excerpt is an important aspect of the author's craft and supports the central theme of the story.