Final answer:
Problem solving in psychology is the cognitive process used to identify and solve problems, which can be influenced by individual mental sets and biases. Cognitive psychology explores how these problem-solving processes work and how different factors may affect them.
Step-by-step explanation:
Problem solving in psychology refers to the process that an individual uses to find a solution to a barrier or issue. This cognitive process involves several problem-solving steps such as identifying the issue, developing potential solutions, and selecting the most effective one. People with different experiences or mental sets might approach problems in varying ways. These mental sets can sometimes serve as pitfalls to problem solving, making it harder to find new solutions. For instance, when faced with a new problem, an individual might insist on using outdated methods that worked in the past instead of looking for new ones.
Challenges in Problem Solving
The common challenges include mental sets, representative bias, and heuristics such as the anchoring and availability heuristic. Mental sets are a significant barrier because they prevent us from seeing all possible solutions to a problem, as illustrated by the example of a person trying to exit a room through a locked door, ignoring the open ones.
Impact of Cognitive Psychology on Problem Solving
Understanding problem solving is a key area in cognitive psychology, with the field dedicated to studying how people think, perceive, learn, remember, and solve problems. The strategies involved in solving problems can vary greatly depending upon the individual's cognitive abilities, experiences, and even their genetic makeup.