Question

What gene or chromosome is affected by sickle cell anemia?

Answer 1

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene on chromosome 11. This mutation leads to the production of hemoglobin S, causing red blood cells to sickle and lead to various health issues. Carriers of one sickle cell gene have the sickle cell trait and can be protected against malaria.

Step-by-step explanation:

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder affecting the beta-globin gene on chromosome 11. This disease causes a mutation in hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Specifically, a single base change in the DNA leads to a single amino acid substitution in the beta chain of hemoglobin. Instead of the normal hemoglobin (hemoglobin A), individuals with sickle cell anemia produce hemoglobin S. When oxygen levels are low, hemoglobin S can cause red blood cells to become rigid and shaped like a sickle or crescent, which can block blood vessels and lead to tissue damage.

Individuals who inherit one sickle cell gene and one normal gene (heterozygous) have sickle cell trait and typically display few or no symptoms, and may have a protective advantage against malaria. Those who inherit two sickle cell genes (homozygous) have sickle cell anemia and can suffer from health complications like anemia, pain, and increased infection risk.

Answer 2

HBB gene. This gene encodes a component of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. The mutation causes hemoglobin molecules to stick together, creating sickle-shaped red blood cells