1. Lack of personal growth: Throughout the course of the novel, Joe Gargery remains the same basic character, with few noticeable changes in his personality, motivations, or goals. This lack of personal growth is a hallmark of a static character.
2. Consistent personality traits: Joe is consistently portrayed as a kind and simple-minded blacksmith. He remains loyal to Pip and his family, and he never deviates from these core personality traits, which are a sign of a static character.
3. Inflexible attitudes and beliefs: Joe's attitudes and beliefs remain relatively unchanged throughout the novel, regardless of the events that take place or the people he meets. For example, his unwavering loyalty to Pip is a defining characteristic that never wavers, even when Pip treats him poorly. This lack of flexibility in his attitudes and beliefs also supports the characterization of Joe as a static character.