Question

for each part below, determine which highlighted element forms a monatomic ion by losing electons from or adding electrons to the below-mentioned orbitals.

Answer 1

Sodium forms a monatomic cation by losing an electron from its 3s orbital, Phosphorus forms a monatomic anion by gaining three electrons to fill up its 3p orbital, and Aluminum forms a monatomic cation by losing two electrons from its 3p orbital.

Step-by-step explanation:

Sodium forms a monatomic ion by losing an electron from its 3s orbital. The electronic configuration of sodium is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹, and the sodium cation is represented as Na⁺: 1s²2s²2p⁶.

Phosphorus forms a monatomic ion by gaining three electrons, filling up its 3p orbital. The electronic configuration of phosphorus is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p³, and the phosphorus trianion is represented as P³¯: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶.

Aluminum forms a monatomic ion by losing two electrons from its 3p orbital. The electronic configuration of aluminum is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p¹, and the aluminum dication is represented as Al²⁺: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p¹.