Answer: Standardization refers to the process of establishing a set of procedures, norms, or criteria for evaluating and measuring something. In the context of intelligence testing, standardization involves creating a uniform way of measuring an individual's cognitive abilities and skills.
The normal curve is a bell-shaped graphical representation of the distribution of data. In intelligence testing, the normal curve is used to represent the distribution of scores of individuals who have taken a test. The mean of the normal curve represents the average score, while the standard deviation indicates the spread of scores around the mean. Percentiles divide the curve into 100 equal parts and are used to determine the relative position of an individual's score compared to others who have taken the test.
Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of test scores over time. Test-retest reliability is a measure of consistency between scores obtained on two separate administrations of a test. Split-half reliability is a measure of the consistency of scores between two halves of a test.
Validity refers to the accuracy and meaningfulness of a test. Content validity is a measure of the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure. Predictive validity is a measure of the ability of a test to predict future performance or behavior.
In conclusion, standardization and reliability, as well as validity, play crucial roles in ensuring the quality and meaningfulness of intelligence tests. The normal curve helps to interpret and understand the distribution of scores, and the mean, standard deviation, and percentiles help to understand individual scores in the context of the group.