Answer:
To describe a sample of soil, you may consider the following characteristics:
Color - the color of the soil can indicate the presence of certain minerals and organic matter.
Texture - the size, shape and arrangement of the soil particles can give information about the soil structure and fertility.
Structure - the way soil particles are aggregated into clumps or peds can give information about soil stability, porosity and water-holding capacity.
Consistency - the firmness or stickiness of the soil can give information about the soil moisture content.
pH - the acidity or alkalinity of the soil can affect the growth of plants and the availability of nutrients.
Organic matter - the amount of organic matter in the soil can affect the soil structure, fertility and water-holding capacity.
Drainage - the ability of the soil to allow water to drain away can affect the growth of plants and the stability of the soil.
Nutrient content - the presence and availability of essential plant nutrients can affect plant growth and fertility.