Answer:
D. chemical weathering.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chemical weathering is a process in which rocks and minerals are broken down into new substances through chemical reactions with water, air, and other agents. This type of weathering differs from mechanical weathering, which involves the physical breakdown of rocks and minerals through processes such as frost wedging, abrasion, and unloading.
In chemical weathering, water reacts with minerals in a rock to dissolve or alter their chemical composition. For example, minerals containing iron can react with oxygen in water to form rust, while minerals containing calcium can react with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate. These reactions can change the mineral content of a rock, altering its physical and chemical properties. Over time, this can lead to the physical breakdown of the rock and the formation of new minerals and substances.