Final answer:
Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a national government and regional governments, as outlined by a national constitution. This system allows for a balance between central and local authority, with federal systems like the U.S. displaying a mix of shared and exclusive powers at different levels of government.
Step-by-step explanation:
Simple Definition of Federalism
The simple definition of federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a national, central government and various regional governments, typically states or provinces. This division of powers is outlined in a national constitution, which specifies the powers allotted to each level of government. Federal systems differ from unitary systems, where authority is centralized in the national government, and confederations, where authority is held primarily by regional governments.
Examples and Functions of Federalism
In a federal system, like that of the United States, the federal government may have powers such as negotiating treaties with other nations, while state governments may have exclusive control over local issues like driving laws. This sharing of power helps to ensure a balance between centralization and decentralization of government functions. Over time, the balance of power between the national and state governments can shift due to various historical developments and policy changes, often influenced by the government's use of fiscal federalism.