Answer:
Expert Verified Answer
Step-by-step explanation:
Bone Layers
Periosteum:
Outer layer: The outer layer of the periosteum contains a dense network of blood vessels and nerves.
Function of the outer layer: The function of the outer layer of the periosteum is to provide blood supply and innervation to the bone.
Inner layer: The inner layer of the periosteum contains osteogenic cells (stem cells), which can differentiate into osteoblasts.
Function of the inner layer: The function of the inner layer of the periosteum is to assist in bone growth and repair by producing new bone tissue.
Compact Bone:
Osteon: The structure of the osteon is a cylindrical unit of bone tissue that is composed of concentric layers of bone matrix surrounding a central canal (Haversian canal).
Haversian canals: The structure of the haversian canals is a network of small canals running through the bone tissue that contain nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.
Medullary Cavity:
Structure: The medullary cavity is a cavity within the shaft of long bones that is filled with fatty yellow marrow.
Found at the end of long bones: The medullary cavity is found at the end of long bones, such as the femur, and is surrounded by the compact bone of the shaft.
Bone Cells:
Osteogenic cells: Function: Osteogenic cells are stem cells that have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and other bone cells. They play a crucial role in bone growth and repair.
Osteoblasts cells: Function: Osteoblasts are cells that produce and deposit new bone matrix. They play a key role in bone growth and repair.
Osteoclasts cells: Function: Osteoclasts are cells that break down bone matrix and reabsorb bone tissue. They play a crucial role in bone remodeling and maintenance.
Osteocytes cells: Function: Osteocytes are mature bone cells that are embedded in the bone matrix. They monitor the bone's mechanical environment and respond to changes in bone strain and stress. They also play a role in maintaining bone health and mineral balance.
Bone Repair:
Osteocytes: Osteocytes play a role in bone repair by communicating with other bone cells and initiating the repair process in response to bone damage.
Osteoblasts: Osteoblasts play a critical role in bone repair by producing new bone matrix and depositing it at the site of the damage.
Osteoclasts: Osteoclasts play a role in bone repair by removing damaged or dead bone tissue, which is then replaced by new bone matrix produced by osteoblasts.