Question

Module 2: Life’s Origins

Review Sheet

2.01: Properties of Water
What are covalent bonds?-
What are hydrogen bonds?-
Describe each of the following properties of water…
Cohesion - water to water
Adhesion-water sticking to something else. A water strider
capillary action
surface tension
expands when freezes
specific heat- Water can absorb a lot of heat without rapidly changing temperature. Like boiling water
heat of vaporization
universal solvent
pH



2.02: Early Cells
What are the 3 parts of the modern day cell theory?
What has improved to make scientist better able to understand the cell?
What are the contributions of each of these scientists to the cell theory? And how did that information contradict what was believed or accepted at that time?
M.J. Schleiden
Louis Pasteur
Rudolf Virchow
Describe and draw the structure of the cell membrane/plasma membrane. Label and describe the functions of the proteins, carbohydrates and cholesterol.
What would happen to the cell if the cell membrane was not selectively permeable?
Explain passive and active transport across the cell membrane.
Describe how proteins are used in active and passive transport. How do they differ?
Why does water need a protein channel to move across the cell membrane?
What is needed to fuel active transport? Where is this made in the cell?
Describe and draw the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. What are the main similarities and differences?
What are the types of light microscopes? What are their structures and functions?
Compound Light Microscope
Dissecting Microscope
What are the types of electron microscopes? What are their structures and functions?
Scanning Electron Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope

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2.03: Cell Structure and Function
Describe the structure and function of the nucleus.
Describe the structure and function of the cytoplasm.
Describe the structure and function of the cytoskeleton.
Describe the structure and function of the ribosomes.
Describe the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum (both rough ER and smooth ER).
Describe the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus
Describe the structure and function of the lysosome.
Why does the lysosome have a different pH than the cytoplasm?
Describe the structure and function of the cell wall.
Describe the structure and function of the chloroplast.
What is the advantage of having several smaller chloroplasts and not just 1 huge one?
What are the differences between the plant and animal cell

2.03A Cell Structure and Function HONORS

Describe the Endosymbiotic Theory
List the evidences used to support the Endosymbiotic Theory


2.04 Membrane Transport

Describe the structure of the cell membrane.
What does selectively permeable mean?
Define Homeostasis
What are methods cells use to maintain homeostasis?

Distinguish between active and passive transport
What are the three types of passive transport?
Why is energy needed for active transport? Will particles move to an area of higher or lower concentration?
Distinguish between exocytosis and endocytosis.



2.05: Cellular Energy
Describe and draw the structure of an ATP module.
What is the role of ATP in the cell?
How do cells store for the long term? How is it then broken down to fuel the cells?
Describe how food is broken down to make ATP.

2.06: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Describe the process of cellular respiration. What are the products and the reactants?
What molecule stores the energy that is generated during cellular respiration?
Describe the process of fermentation.
What organisms perform alcoholic fermentation? What organisms perform lactic acid fermentation?
If no oxygen is present, what process happens during cellular respiration?
Describe the process of photosynthesis. What are the products and the reactants?
What molecules get recycled to be used again during the process of photosynthesis?
What is the function of the Thylakoid Membrane?
How would not having enough water molecules affect the light-dependent reaction in photosynthesis?
How does night or darkness affect the light-independent reaction?

Answer 1

Answer and Explanation: The four unique properties of water that make it unique are high specific heat, high polarity, adhesion cohesion, and a lower density as a solid. Water having a high specific heat allows it to absorb heat energy without a subsequent change in temperature.

Explanation: i am a genus