Final answer:
The tone of the passage is frustrated, reflecting the colonists' feelings after the British sought to tax them to defray war costs without offering representation, leading to tensions that contributed to the Revolutionary War.
Step-by-step explanation:
The tone of the passage from The Beginner's American History by D. H. Montgomery could be interpreted as frustrated. This frustration stems from the colonial perspective regarding the British imposition following their victory in the French and Indian War. The British expected the American colonists to bear the fiscal responsibility for their own defense, which was met with resistance by the colonists who felt self-reliant and opposed to new taxes without representation.
After the Treaty of Paris in 1763, Britain wanted to recover the war costs by taxing the colonies. This led to discord and the eventual discarding of the policy of salutary neglect as Parliament enacted a series of revenue-raising acts. American leaders argued for their rights, as they only wanted to be taxed via their own legislature and rejected taxes aimed at raising revenue instead of regulating trade.
The strategic importance of various victories and alliances during the war, including the capture of New York by the British and the critical support from France after Saratoga, played a considerable role in shaping the eventual outcome and sentiments that fueled the revolutionary aspirations of the colonies.