Answer:
F = G Mm/r²
Step-by-step explanation:
Gravitational force is given by the product of the gravitational constant and the product of masses of both objects, divided by the square of the distance between them.
If you know, there is a gravitational force that acts between EVERY object in the universe, but how big is it? Well, Newton wanted to figure that out too!
When Newton was trying to formulate a relationship between the gravitational force that acts between two objects, he found that the gravitational force is directly proportional with the product of the masses of the objects, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
We get now F ∝ Mm/r²
To get rid of the proportionality sign, all we have to do is multiply the quantity on the right with a constant. This is the Gravitational constant (G), which was found out experimentally. The value of G is (6.6743 ± 0.00015) × 10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2
Now, our equation is F = G Mm/r²
To solve problems based on this, you have to find the values of either
1. Mm
2. r or r²
3. F
While given the rest of the values. I doubt if they would ask, but best try to remember the value of G. You can even be asked to formulate the unit of G, which is not hard as all you have to do is take G to the other side of the equation and solve it using the SI unit of other quantities.
I would always recommend Khan academy for any sort problems in theoretical understanding, so you can probably check that out.
Hope this helps you :)
Please reach out if you have any doubts on the same topic