The second phase of the industrial revolution was caused by several factors, including advancements in transportation and communication infrastructure, the introduction of new forms of energy such as steam power and electricity, and the widespread use of new technologies such as the telegraph, telephone, and typewriter. One of the most important causes was the growth of large-scale factories, which made mass production and specialization possible. Another key factor was the growth of the British Empire and its expansion into new markets, which provided access to raw materials and labor from around the world. Some might argue that the growth of financial systems and increased investment in industry also played a role in the second phase of the industrial revolution, but these factors were secondary to the technological innovations and infrastructure improvements.