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The introduction of animals through the Columbian Exchange had a profound effect on many Native American cultures. Domesticated animals, such as horses and oxen, provided Native Americans with a new form of transportation, allowing them to travel more efficiently and expand their range of exploration. Herds of livestock and dairy animals, such as cattle and goats, provided a dependable food source, while new breeds of chickens, pigs, and sheep offered additional sources of food. The ability to domesticate, breed, and cultivate these animals enabled various Native American cultures to adapt and large-scale agriculture, which allowed for the development of complex political and social systems. Additionally, the introduction of certain animals, such as the horse, led to cultural diffusion and the exchange of goods and ideas across the continent. While the introduction of animals through the Columbian Exchange was beneficial to some Native American cultures, it was devastating to others who relied on hunting and gathering, as domesticated livestock removed the availability of game animals.