Answer:
a.
Ans:
One effect of religious changes on ordinary people during 1450-1750 c.e. was the increase in religious conflict and violence. The Protestant Reformation, which started in the early 16th century, challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and led to the division of Western Christianity into Catholic and Protestant denominations. This caused religious tensions to rise and led to religious wars, such as the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), which had devastating effects on ordinary people, including loss of life, property, and displacement.
b.
Ans:
One effect of the growth of sovereign states on ordinary people during 1450-1750 c.e. was the centralization of power and the strengthening of state control. With the growth of sovereign states, monarchs and rulers sought to increase their power and control over their territories and subjects. This often resulted in the suppression of local liberties, increased taxes, and the strengthening of the central bureaucracy, which had direct impacts on the lives of ordinary people.
c.
Ans:
One effect of the transformation of Europe from 1450-1750 c.e. was the rise of mercantilism and the growth of trade and commerce. The rise of mercantilism, a economic system that emphasized the importance of state control over trade and commerce, led to the expansion of trade networks, the growth of new economic systems, and the rise of commercial cities. This transformation had a profound impact on ordinary people as it created new opportunities for trade and commerce, leading to increased prosperity and the growth of new social and cultural structures.