Answer:
1. Zionism is a form of nationalism because it is a movement that advocates for the establishment and protection of a Jewish national homeland in Israel. Zionists believe that Jews, as a distinct ethnic and religious group, have the right to self-determination and a sovereign state of their own. This aligns with the core tenets of nationalism, which emphasizes the importance of a shared identity and the promotion of the interests of a particular nation or group of people.
2. The Congress of Vienna was held after the fall of Napoleon to reestablish order and stability in Europe. The leaders of European nations wanted to restore the pre-Napoleonic political and territorial boundaries and to balance the power of the different states in order to prevent any one nation from dominating the continent. The goal of the conference was to create a stable and peaceful Europe through diplomacy and the establishment of a balance of power among the nations.
3. Nationalist rebellions were occurring in Europe in the 19th century because of the growing sentiment among ethnic and linguistic groups that they should be able to govern themselves. These rebellions were often sparked by a desire for autonomy and self-determination, as well as economic and social grievances. They were also fueled by the idea of nationalism, which emphasizes the importance of a shared identity and the promotion of the interests of a particular nation or group of people. Examples of these rebellions include the Irish rebellion of 1798, the Greek War of Independence, and the Italian Wars of Independence.