Answer:
The government owes Bart the excess Social Security tax that he paid, which is the amount of tax he paid on his income above the maximum income for Social Security. In this case, that would be $118,500 (the maximum income for Social Security) minus $99,112 (what he earned at his first job) minus $56,222 (what he earned at his second job) = $13,166. So the government owes Bart $13,166 for the excess Social Security tax he paid.