Answer: The epidemiological transition model is a framework that describes how patterns of mortality and morbidity change as a population moves from being primarily agrarian to industrialized. The model proposes that as a population becomes more industrialized, the burden of disease shifts from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes.
The spread of the Zika virus has challenged aspects of the epidemiological transition model. While the model predicts that the burden of disease should shift away from infectious diseases in industrialized populations, the Zika virus outbreak has demonstrated that even in developed countries, the threat of infectious disease remains.
The Zika virus outbreak has affected countries in the Americas, many of which are considered to be in the later stages of the epidemiological transition. The virus has been linked to severe birth defects and neurological disorders, and it has highlighted the ongoing threat of infectious disease in populations that are otherwise thought to be at low risk for such illnesses.
Additionally, the Zika virus outbreak has also challenged the model in the sense that, it has shown that the disease can be transmitted not only by mosquitoes but also through sexual contact, blood transfusions and from mother to fetus, making it a complex disease to control.
In summary, the spread of the Zika virus has challenged aspects of the epidemiological transition model by highlighting the ongoing threat of infectious disease in populations that are otherwise thought to be at low risk, and by showing that the disease can be transmitted in multiple ways.
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