Urbanization and the middle class were closely related to industrialization in several ways.
First, industrialization led to the growth of cities as people moved from rural areas to urban centers in search of jobs in factories and other industrial enterprises. This urbanization created a large and growing market for consumer goods, which in turn fueled the growth of the middle class.
Second, the expansion of industry created new job opportunities and economic opportunities for the middle class, including white-collar jobs such as clerks, managers, and professionals. This increase in economic mobility and upward social mobility, provided opportunities for the middle class to improve their standard of living.
Thirdly, the rise of the middle class also fueled the growth of consumer culture, as this group had disposable income to spend on consumer goods, which led to an increase in production of consumer goods which in turn further fueled industrialization.
In summary, industrialization led to urbanization, which in turn led to the growth of the middle class, which created new opportunities and markets for industry, leading to a mutually beneficial relationship between industrialization, urbanization, and the middle class.