Answer: 51 bags.
Explanation:
Profit = (price of goods sold) - (cost of goods sold)
Therefore, the profit per bag of popcorn is $1.50 - $0.50 = $1.00.
The fixed cost of the machine is $50.
For every bag sold, we make $1.00 of profit. If we divide the price of the popcorn machine by the profit on each bag of popcorn, we find how many bags we need to sell. $50 / $1.00 = 50 bags. If we sell 50 bags, we break even. The 51st bag and every bag sold after makes a profit, so therefore, in order to make a profit, the student council must sell at least 51 bags of popcorn.