Question

Just before 1900, scholars began studying teams by ______.a. comparing team performance to individual performance.b. examining productivity in the Amish, a religious organization.c. interviewing manager about interactions with executives.d. predicting soldier behavior prior to World War I.e. studying manufacturing (industrial revolution) in Europe.

Answer 1

Scholars began studying teams just before 1900 by examining productivity in the Amish, a religious organization. However, the focus shifted to studying the effects of the physical work environment and the psychological and social factors in factories. The Hawthorne studies conducted by Elton Mayo and his colleagues at Western Electric's Hawthorne Works in the 1920s marked the origin of organizational psychology.

Step-by-step explanation:

Scholars began studying teams just before 1900 by examining productivity in the Amish, a religious organization. However, the focus shifted to studying the effects of the physical work environment and the psychological and social factors in factories. The Hawthorne studies conducted by Elton Mayo and his colleagues at Western Electric's Hawthorne Works in the 1920s marked the origin of organizational psychology.

Answer 2

Scholars began studying teams around 1900 by examining productivity and conducting research in industrial psychology, spearheaded by pioneers such as Elton Mayo and Frederick Taylor.

Step-by-step explanation:

Just before 1900, scholars began studying teams by examining productivity in various contexts, giving rise to the field of industrial psychology.

Notably, Elton Mayo and his colleagues at Western Electric's Hawthorne Works conducted research that extended beyond the initial focus on physical work environments, such as factory lighting, to include the study of interpersonal relations and organizational dynamics.

This marked the emergence of organizational psychology as a discipline. Additionally, individuals like Frederick Taylor contributed to the field through time-motion studies aimed at increasing efficiency and output in the industrial sector, which were part of the broader Scientific Management principles.

These historical developments illustrate the trajectory from early studies of worker efficiency to the complex analysis of team dynamics and productivity.