Final answer:
The author's purpose is to discuss how archaeological research can provide insights into Roman life, demonstrated by descriptions of excavation techniques and studies of preserved Roman wall paintings in Pompeii.
Step-by-step explanation:
The author's primary purpose in writing the text about Pompeii is B. to discuss how archaeological research can provide different types of insight. This is evident in the detailed discussion of how the artifacts and ruins have given researchers incredible insights into Roman life during the Pax Romana. The text describes the techniques used during excavations, such as using plaster to fill voids that once held human bodies, as well as the study of the well-preserved Roman wall paintings, which survived thanks to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius and offered information about historical art practices. Additionally, the introduction of a first-century Roman's decision to decorate his home with mosaic portraying Alexander the Great signals the extent of the city's historical significance.