1. Scientists define energy as the ability to do work. Modern civilization is possible because people have learned how to change energy from one form to another and then use it to do work. People use energy to walk and bicycle, to move cars along roads and boats through water, to cook food on stoves, to make ice in freezers, to light our homes and offices, to manufacture products, and to send astronauts into space.The law of energy conservation is one of physics’s basic laws. It governs the microscopic motion of individual atoms in a chemical reaction. The law of conservation of energy states that “In a closed system, i.e., a system that is isolated from its surroundings, the total energy of the system is conserved.”
2. Potential energy is the stored energy in any object or system by virtue of its position or arrangement of parts. However, it isn't affected by the environment outside of the object or system, such as air or height. On the other hand, kinetic energy is the energy of an object or a system's particles in motion.
3.According to the law of conservation of energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can, however, be transformed from one form to another.
4. Catabolism - The process of catabolism releases energy.Hormones involved in the processes are adrenaline, cytokine, glucagon, and cortisol.Examples of catabolic processes are proteins becoming amino acids, glycogen breaking down into glucose and triglycerides breaking up into fatty acidsIn catabolism, potential energy is changed into kinetic energy.It is required to perform different activities in living entities.
Anabolism - Hormones involved in the process are estrogen, testosterone, growth hormones and insulin.Anabolic processes require energy.Examples include the formation of polypeptides from amino acids, glucose forming glycogen and fatty acids forming triglycerides.In anabolism, kinetic energy is converted into potential energy.It is required for maintenance, growth, and storage.
5. When one phosphate group is removed by breaking a phosphoanhydride bond in a process called hydrolysis, energy is released, and ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Likewise, energy is also released when a phosphate is removed from ADP to form adenosine monophosphate (AMP).
6. ATP hydrolysis provides the energy needed for many essential processes in organisms and cells. These include intracellular signaling, DNA and RNA synthesis, Purinergic signaling, synaptic signaling, active transport, and muscle contraction.
7. phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion. This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology. Protein phosphorylation often activates many enzymes.