Answer:
The regulation of blood sugar levels in humans is a complex process involving several hormones and organs. The main hormones involved in regulating blood sugar levels are insulin and glucagon, which are produced and secreted by the pancreas.
When blood sugar levels rise, such as after a meal, the pancreas releases insulin. Insulin acts on cells throughout the body, including muscle and fat cells, to promote the uptake and storage of glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream. Insulin also promotes the synthesis of glycogen (a form of glucose storage) in the liver and decreases the breakdown of glycogen. This results in a decrease in blood sugar levels.
When blood sugar levels drop, such as between meals or during exercise, the pancreas releases glucagon. Glucagon acts on the liver to promote the breakdown of glycogen into glucose and the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrates sources. This increases the glucose levels in the bloodstream.
Additionally, the hormone adrenaline (epinephrine) which is produced by the adrenal glands also plays a role in regulating blood sugar. When blood sugar levels drop, adrenaline causes the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream, which helps to raise blood sugar levels.
The hormone cortisol which is also produced by the adrenal gland, can also affect blood sugar levels, by increasing the glucose production by the liver and decreasing glucose uptake by the cells.
Finally, the hormone somatostatin, also produced by the pancreas, can inhibit the release of both insulin and glucagon, which regulates the balance between the two hormones.
The overall balance between insulin and glucagon and other hormones is regulated