Answer: a. two gametes produced by the same person
d. two sperm produced by the same man
Explanation: Gametes, also known as sex cells, are sperm and eggs cells that are produced through meiosis, a process of cell division that results in cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. This process reduces the number of chromosomes by half in the gametes, so that when fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote will have the normal number of chromosomes. Gametes produced by the same person will have the same genetic makeup except for the sex chromosomes, which are different in sperm and eggs.
Somatic cells, also known as body cells, are all the cells in the body except for the gametes. Somatic cells are produced by mitosis, which is a type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells. However, due to the accumulation of mutations over time, even somatic cells produced by the same person may not be exactly the same genetically.
Eggs and sperm are both gametes, however, the genetic makeup of sperm and eggs are different since they are produced by different sexes.