In the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, European overseas expansion was heavily reliant on both previously existing technologies and new technologies. The development and use of these technologies played a crucial role in the success of European voyages of discovery during this period.
One key example of previously existing technology that was utilized in European overseas expansion was the astrolabe. Astrolabes had been in use for centuries by Islamic and Mediterranean navigators, and were adopted by Europeans during this period. They allowed navigators to determine their latitude by measuring the altitude of the stars, and were essential in guiding ships across the open ocean.
In addition to the astrolabe, new technologies were also crucial in facilitating European expansion. The caravel, for example, was a new type of ship developed in the late fifteenth century that was smaller and more maneuverable than previous ships. It was able to navigate in shallow waters and in adverse weather conditions, making it a valuable tool for exploring new territories.
The development of the compass was another key technological advancement that supported European expansion. Prior to its invention, navigators had to rely on the position of the stars and the sun to determine direction. The compass, however, allowed them to navigate even in cloudy conditions, and was essential for long-distance voyages.
Overall, it is clear that European overseas expansion in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries relied heavily on both previously existing technologies and new technologies. The astrolabe, caravel, and compass were all crucial in allowing Europeans to navigate the open ocean, explore new territories, and establish trade routes. Without these technologies, it is unlikely that European expansion would have been as successful in this period.