Final answer:
Issues with the creation of political boundaries in newly independent states often involved colonial borders that ignored ethnic and cultural divides, leading to conflicts and a lack of cohesive state structures. Debate over new constitutions and issues such as slavery further affected the political landscape.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two issues related to the creation of the political boundaries of newly independent states include the arbitrary nature of the colonial borders and the identity conflicts stemming from the disregard for historical identities and cultural boundaries. One of the most significant challenges was that the administrative boundaries set by European powers often did not align with the ethnolinguistic or tribal territories of the regions they colonized. This has led to persistent conflicts and issues of national identity, as seen in places like Kashmir, where tensions between India and Pakistan have been exacerbated by borders drawn during the colonial era. Additionally, there was often a lack of cohesive political structure or recognition of pre-colonial governance systems, which could result in failed states where European standards of statehood were not a perfect fit.
Following independence, the internal debates in creating new constitutions led to further divisions. Some states sought radically new forms of governance, while others modeled their constitutions closely on the British system they had just escaped. Issues such as slavery also played a critical role, influencing political frameworks at the state and national levels, as reflected in the Missouri Compromise.