Relative dating is the process of determining the relative order of past events, without necessarily determining their absolute age. This is done by comparing the positions of different layers of rock and determining which layers are older or younger. For example, if rock layer A is on top of rock layer B, then rock layer A is younger than rock layer B.
Absolute dating, on the other hand, is the process of determining a specific date for an event or artifact. This is done through the use of methods such as radiocarbon dating or potassium-argon dating. These methods involve measuring the decay of certain isotopes and comparing them to known decay rates.
In a lab report, you would likely include a brief introduction to the concepts of relative and absolute dating, a description of the methods and materials used in the lab, a presentation of the data collected, and an analysis and interpretation of the results. You may also include a discussion of any limitations or sources of error in the methods used and a conclusion summarizing your findings.