Protons and neutrons are both subatomic particles that make up the nucleus of an atom. The main difference between the two is their electrical charge. Protons have a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge (they are neutral). The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called the atomic number, and this number determines the element to which the atom belongs. The number of protons and neutrons together is called the atomic mass, which determines the isotope of an element.
Another difference is the mass, protons have a slightly less mass than neutrons. Protons have a mass of about 1 atomic mass unit (amu), while neutrons have a mass of about 1.008 amu.
In terms of their behavior and interactions, protons and neutrons also have different properties. Protons, because of their positive charge, are affected by electromagnetic forces, while neutrons are affected by the strong nuclear force. Because of this, protons are more likely to interact with other particles, while neutrons tend to remain in the nucleus.
In summary, protons and neutrons are both subatomic particles that make up the nucleus of an atom. The main difference between the two is their charge, protons are positively charged while neutrons are neutral. They also have different mass and behavior due to the forces that affect them.