Answer:
1. Forced Labor: Colonial policies encouraged the use of forced labor to extract resources from the African environment, leading to over-exploitation of resources and damage to the environment.
2. Poor Land Management: Colonial policies led to poor land management practices, such as deforestation, overgrazing, and soil erosion, which caused further degradation of the environment.
3. Pollution: Colonial policies encouraged the use of industrial technologies that caused large-scale pollution, leading to further environmental degradation.
4. Unsustainable Mining: Colonial policies encouraged the mining of resources without proper management or sustainability, leading to the depletion of resources and damage to the environment.
5. Unregulated Hunting: Colonial policies often encouraged unregulated hunting of wildlife, leading to the depletion of wildlife populations and further damage to the environment.
6. Unsustainable Agriculture: Colonial policies encouraged unsustainable agricultural practices, such as monoculture and over-farming, which led to soil erosion and desertification.
7. Unsustainable Fishing: Colonial policies often encouraged unsustainable fishing practices, leading to over-fishing and the depletion of fish stocks.
8. Unsustainable Logging: Colonial policies encouraged the unsustainable logging of forests, leading to deforestation and further damage to the environment.
9. Poor Waste Management: Colonial policies often led to poor waste management practices, leading to pollution and further damage to the environment.
Step-by-step explanation: