Nationalism was both a destructive and creative force in Europe during the 19th century. On one hand, nationalism led to the unification of several nation-states such as Italy and Germany, which brought about economic and political stability and modernization. This was a creative force, as it led to the development of strong, centralized states that were better able to compete on the global stage.
On the other hand, nationalism also led to conflicts and wars, particularly as nations and ethnic groups competed for territory and resources. This was a destructive force, as it led to a loss of life and the displacement of people. Nationalism also led to the suppression of minority groups, who were seen as a threat to the nation-state and its dominant culture.
In addition, Nationalism in Europe during the 19th century was a source of inspiration for many, who sought to achieve self-rule and independence for their respective nations. It gave rise to the idea of self-determination, and played a role in the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, both of which were multi-ethnic empires.
In summary, nationalism was both a creative and destructive force in Europe during the 19th century. It led to the formation of nation-states, modernization, and self-rule, but also caused conflicts, wars, and suppression of minority groups.