A simple circuit: battery, resistor & light bulb connected in series. Current flows from positive to negative battery terminal, limited by resistor. Brightness depends on voltage and resistance. This basic circuit is used in flashlights and other simple devices.
The circuit diagram shows a simple two-wire circuit with a battery, a resistor, and a light bulb. The resistor and the light bulb are connected in series, meaning that the current must flow through both of them in order to reach the battery. The battery is connected to the two ends of the circuit, and the current flows from the positive terminal of the battery to the negative terminal.
When the circuit is closed, the current flows from the battery through the resistor and the light bulb, and back to the battery. The resistor limits the amount of current that can flow through the circuit, and the light bulb converts the electrical energy into light energy.
The brightness of the light bulb depends on the voltage of the battery and the resistance of the resistor. A higher voltage battery will cause the light bulb to be brighter, and a higher resistance resistor will cause the light bulb to be dimmer.
This type of circuit is commonly used in flashlights, lanterns, and other simple devices. It is also a good starting point for learning about more complex electrical circuits.