Answer:
In the proportionality test, "the courts waive the exercise of their discretion when there is no reasonable relationship between the aim pursued and the means employed to achieve it, or when the sanctions imposed by administrative authorities or lower courts are totally disproportionate
to the nature of the offence".
Explanation: When there is no reasonable connection between the goal pursued and the means used to achieve it, or when the sanctions imposed by administrative authorities or lower courts are completely disproportionate to the nature of the offence, the courts waive the exercise of their discretion under the proportionality test. As a result, the court dismisses an unreasonable, discriminatory administrative process. The principle of proportionality dictates that the court examines the benefits and drawbacks of administrative actions, and that such a measure is only regarded lawful if it is favourable relative to the harm; otherwise, it will be thrown out.