The protocol that enables remote access to another computer on the network via web browser is VNC (Virtual Network Computing).
VNC is a remote access technology that uses a client-server architecture, the client runs on a web browser and connects to the VNC server running on the remote computer, it allows the user to view and interact with the remote desktop. It can be used to remotely access and control a computer from any device that has a web browser, including mobile devices and tablets.