The axon of a neuron transmits an electrical signal, also known as an action potential, to a target cell. The axon is a long, thin extension of the cell body of a neuron, and it is responsible for transmitting electrical signals to other cells, such as other neurons or muscle cells. The electrical signal is generated at the cell body and then travels down the axon to the axon terminal, where it is transmitted to the target cell via chemical neurotransmitters.