Roe v. Wade was a landmark decision issued by the United States Supreme Court in 1973. It established that the Constitution protected a woman's right to have an abortion. The decision struck down state laws that banned or heavily restricted access to abortion, and it remains one of the most controversial and politically divisive issues in the United States.
The impact of Roe v. Wade was significant as it provided women with the right to make decisions about their own bodies and reproductive health. It also led to the legalization of abortion in all 50 states, giving women greater control over their own lives and allowing them to make choices about their own health and well-being. However, it also led to ongoing political and social debate and controversy over the issue of abortion, with many pro-life groups arguing that the decision was a violation of the rights of the unborn.
When it comes to the appointment of federal judges, the political parties in the United States often use a "litmus test" for potential nominees' views on Roe v. Wade. For example, the Democratic party tends to support nominees who uphold the ruling of Roe v. Wade, while the Republican party tends to support nominees who would overturn it. This is because the Democratic Party tends to be more supportive of reproductive rights, while the Republican party tends to be more opposed to them.
In summary, Roe v. Wade was a landmark decision that established a woman's right to have an abortion and it had a significant impact in the United States, providing women with the right to make decisions about their own bodies and reproductive health. The decision is still controversial and a "litmus test" for each political party when applying to any justices named to the federal court system.