Let x be the time (in hours) it takes Meredith to edit a textbook alone. We know that Phil takes 4x hours to edit a textbook alone, since he takes four times as long as Meredith.
We also know that it takes them 16 hours to edit a textbook together. We can use this information to set up the equation:
x + 4x = 16
5x = 16
x = 16/5
So it takes Meredith 16/5 hours to edit a textbook alone.
We know that Phil takes 4x to edit a textbook alone, so we can substitute in the value we found for x to find his time:
4x = 4(16/5) = 16/5 * 4 = 64/5
So it takes Phil 64/5 hours to edit a textbook alone.