Answer:
Pointillism is using small, neat, dots that are painted
1 | Hatching. Hatching is a technique that uses a series of parallel straight lines to add dimension. The closer the lines are together, the darker that portion of the drawing appears.
In the example below, the values to the left would be reserved for the highlights and lighter tones, while the values to the right would be for the shadows of the drawing.
2 | Cross-Hatching. Cross-Hatching is similar to Hatching, but involves using perpendicular lines that cross (think X’s, tic-tac-toe boards, hashtags). Like the technique above, the closer the lines are together, the darker the value will appear. This is typically the technique that I use to shade in my ink drawings so I’ve included a real-life example below.
It’s important to keep in mind where your light source is coming from in your drawing. Areas that are directly in the light will appear closer to white, while areas in the shadows will require marks that are closer together to appear darker.
cross-hatching example in rectangle and circle
3 | Stippling.
Stippling is another technique that many people use to shade drawings. It involves using a series of dots to bring the image alive. Like the above two techniques, the closer the dots are together, the darker the value will appear. This may be the most time-consuming of the four techniques I’m sharing today, but it looks really cool in a finished drawing.
I find it useful for any of the techniques to start with a base amount of marks throughout and then gradually darken the appropriate areas of the drawing to add dimension. Other people prefer to start in one area and then move to another after they finish a section. Whichever method you use, it’s important to look back at your drawing as a whole to make sure that your deepest shadows are consistently the darkest area and other values read consistently throughout the drawing.
4 | Free-Form/Scribbles.
Free-Form/Scribbles is a technique that is pretty much how it sounds. You can use scribbles, repeating patterns, stamps – pretty much anything you can imagine to shade your drawing. Like the above three methods, the closer the marks are together, the darker they will appear.
An important tip for all the techniques is to start light and work up to dark. With ink especially, there is no erasing once you lay down the mark. You can always make an area darker by adding more layers of marks.
Step-by-step explanation: