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Geological features like sedimentary layers, fossils, and erosion are evidence of change over time. By studying rocks and material from the Earth's surface, scientists can trace the history of our planet and gain insight into its geological history.
Sedimentary layers are sediment that has been compressed over time into thin layers. Each layer of sediment represents a point in time when different types of material were deposited in a certain way. By looking at the layers, or strata, we can see how the environment changed over time. For example, if you find a rock layer that was deposited in an ocean and then covered by sandstone, it’s evidence that the ocean dried up and sand was deposited in its place.
Fossils are another type of geological feature that can provide evidence of change over time. Fossils are the remains of plants and animals that have been preserved in rocks for millions of years. By studying fossils, we can learn about the creatures that lived on Earth at certain points in history. We can also compare fossils from different time periods to understand how species evolved over time.
Earth's surface is also reshaped by erosion. Erosion is the process by which wind and water wear away rock and soil. Over time, erosion can form features like valleys, canyons, and rivers. These features can provide clues about the climate and environment that existed at certain times in history. For instance, riverbeds that no longer contain water are evidence that a river once ran through the area, but it has since stopped flowing due to changes in the climate.
All of these geological features—sedimentary layers, fossils, and erosion—are evidence of change over time on Earth. Through careful observation, scientists can use these features to understand Earth’s history and make predictions about its future.