Answer: We can use the concept of conditional probability to find the probability that a student who passed the first test also passed the second. Conditional probability is the probability of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred.
The probability that a student who passed the first test also passed the second is the probability of both events occurring (passing both tests) divided by the probability of the first event occurring (passing the first test).
We can use the information provided to calculate this probability:
Probability of passing both tests = 0.45 (45%)
Probability of passing the first test = 0.60 (60%)
Probability of passing both tests given that the student passed the first test = (Probability of passing both tests) / (Probability of passing the first test) = 0.45 / 0.60 = 0.75
So the probability that a student who passed the first test also passed the second is 0.75 or 75%.
It means, if we know that a student passed the first test, there's a 75% chance that the student also passed the second test.
Explanation: