the slope goes by several names
• average rate of change
• rate of change
• deltaY over deltaX
• Δy over Δx
• rise over run
• gradient
• constant of proportionality
however, is the same cat wearing different costumes.
to get the slope of any straight line, we simply need two points off of it, let's use those two in the picture below

now as far as the "initial value", dunno what that means.
The start of the line? well, the line by definition goes to infinity both ways.
the y-intercept? well, just look at the graph, the graph intercepts the y-axis when x = 0 and y = -4, so at (0 , -4).