Final answer:
In 1902, Russian Marxists split into two factions: the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks, with the former led by Vladimir Lenin and advocating for immediate revolution, while the latter preferred a more gradual approach to socialism. Lenin's Bolsheviks eventually seized power in 1917, leading to the establishment of the Soviet Union.
Step-by-step explanation:
In 1902, the Russian Marxists faced a significant divide that resulted in the formation of two factions: the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a highly organized and militant group advocating for immediate revolution and the overthrow of the current government. In contrast, the Mensheviks represented the 'smaller group' who favored a more gradual and democratic approach to socialism.
The split occurred during a period of social and political unrest, with the Bolsheviks eventually seizing power in the Russian government during the October Revolution of 1917. Lenin and his Bolshevik supporters initiated a radical change, transforming Russia into a Communist state. The Mensheviks, who lost influence after the civil war, opposed the Bolsheviks' methods and sought alternative paths to socialism.
Following their victory in the Russian Civil War, the Bolsheviks reorganized Russia into the Soviet Union, an event that had profound effects on global politics and the international socialist movement in the 20th century.