Many Indigenous groups suffered widespread death from smallpox and other diseases after coming into contact with Europeans. One well-known example is the Aztecs in Mexico, who were devastated by smallpox and other diseases brought by Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century. Other Indigenous groups in the Americas and around the world also suffered greatly due to the spread of diseases like smallpox, measles, and influenza, which they had no immunity to. These diseases, along with violence and other negative impacts of European colonization, had a devastating impact on Indigenous populations and contributed to their decline.