The 1920s was a time of great cultural change. The modernist movement, which was characterized by a break from traditional ways of thinking and a focus on innovation and progress, was particularly influential during this decade. Other cultural movements of the 1920s included the Harlem Renaissance, which was a flowering of African American art, literature, and music, and the flapper movement, which marked a new independence and liberation for women. Additionally, the 1920s was a time of great social change, as the role of women in society was transforming and traditional gender roles were being challenged.