Answer:
The rise of absolutism in England was challenged by several historical events and movements, including:
The English Civil War (1642-1651): This was a series of conflicts between supporters of King Charles I (the Royalists or Cavaliers) and those of the Parliament of England (the Roundheads). The conflict ended with the execution of Charles I and the temporary abolition of the monarchy.
The Glorious Revolution (1688): This was a political revolution in which King James II was deposed and replaced by William III and Mary II. The revolution established the principle that the monarch could not govern without the consent of Parliament.
The Bill of Rights (1689): This was a law passed by Parliament that established the rights of citizens and the limitations on the powers of the monarchy. It ensured that the monarchy could not rule without the consent of Parliament and granted certain freedoms to individuals, such as the freedom of speech and the right to a fair trial.
The Act of Settlement (1701): This was a law passed by Parliament that established the succession to the throne of England and prohibited Catholics from becoming monarchs. It also established the principle that the monarch must act according to the laws and customs of the country.
Overall, these events and movements successfully challenged the rise of absolutism in England by establishing the principle of constitutional monarchy, in which the powers of the monarch are limited by law and the authority of Parliament.