In February 1945, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met at the Yalta Conference. Stalin and Churchill
disagreed on how to treat Germany. Roosevelt made concessions to Stalin. He wanted Stalin to help
in the fight to defeat Japan. And he wanted Stalin to support the United Nations. At Yalta, the allies
agreed to divide Germany into four zones. Stalin agreed to allow free elections in Poland and other
Eastern European countries now occupied by the Soviet Army. The Nuremberg Trials, trials held
by an international tribunal, were held to try Nazi leaders. For the first time, a nation's leaders were
held legally responsible for their wartime acts. They were tried for starting the war; for acts against the
customs of war, such as killing prisoners; and for the murder and enslavement of civilians. American
forces, headed by General MacArthur, occupied Japan for six years. First, Japanese officials were put
on trial for war crimes. Then, the Americans helped Japan set up a free-market economic system and
create a new democratic constitution.
8. How did the Yalta Conference shape the postwar world?