Answer: Describe the territorial and political rights of countries in the following zones.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. The territorial sea is a zone extending up to 12 nautical miles from a country's coastline, over which the country has sovereignty and jurisdiction. Within this zone, the country has the right to regulate the passage of ships, enforce its laws, and protect its natural resources. Other countries are generally required to respect the sovereignty of the coastal state within the territorial sea and must request permission before entering it.
2. The contiguous zone is a zone extending up to 24 nautical miles from a country's coastline, beyond the territorial sea. Within this zone, the country has the right to exercise control to prevent infringements of its customs, fiscal, immigration, or sanitary laws. The contiguous zone is not considered to be part of the territory of the coastal state, but the country has limited jurisdiction to enforce certain laws in this area.
3. The exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a zone extending up to 200 nautical miles from a country's coastline, beyond the territorial sea and contiguous zone. Within this zone, the country has the exclusive right to explore, exploit, conserve, and manage the natural resources of the seabed, subsoil, and living resources. Other countries are generally allowed to transit through the EEZ and engage in certain activities, such as fishing, without the permission of the coastal state, but they must respect the rights of the coastal state to the resources of the zone.
4. The high seas are all areas of the ocean that are not part of the territorial sea, contiguous zone, or EEZ of any country. The high seas are considered to be the common heritage of mankind and are governed by the principles of freedom of the seas. All countries have the right to navigate, fish, and conduct scientific research on the high seas, subject to certain limitations. The high seas are not subject to the jurisdiction of any particular country, but certain international agreements and conventions apply to activities on the high seas to ensure their responsible use.