Answer:
- translation
- translation
- reflection
- rotation
Explanation:
You want to know how the figures in each pair are related.
Rigid Transformation
The two figures in each panel are the same size, so could be considered to be cut from some material such as cardboard. That is, these transformations are "rigid" transformations.
If you can slide the figure from one place to another without flipping it over or rotating it, then the transformation is translation. This is the transformation in the first two panels.
If the figure must be flipped over, so that its features are reversed top-to-bottom or left-to-right, then the transformation is reflection. This is the transformation in the third panel.
If the figure can be moved to its new position by rotating it through an angle about some point, then the transformation is rotation. This is the transformation in the fourth panel. There is always a center of rotation. Here, it is the point at the corner of the base of the arrow where the two figures have a point in common.